2009. jún. 5.
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- 2009. jún. 5. 13:33 | írta: pöszméte | 3 komment
- jalskdjhf
2009. márc. 4.
- » hirdetés
- 2009. márc. 4. 23:53 | írta: pöszméte | még nincsenek kommentek
http://c-lab.co.uk/userdata/events/bacteria/PenicillinPSAedit.jpg
- » AB hatásmódjai wikip
- 2009. márc. 4. 23:42 | írta: pöszméte | ábra | mikrobiologia | még nincsenek kommentek
forrás http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antibiotics_action.png
- » sajtok és a penicillin :D
- 2009. márc. 4. 23:32 | írta: pöszméte | 1 komment
- http://micro.org.pl/doku.php/grupa6:index
- http://micro.org.pl/doku.php/grupa6:index
- » #40
- 2009. márc. 4. 23:30 | írta: pöszméte | még nincsenek kommentek
http://www.botany.utoronto.ca/ResearchLabs/MallochLab/Malloch/Moulds/Illustrations/Penicillium.jpg
- » VRE története
- 2009. márc. 4. 10:28 | írta: pöszméte | évszámok | mikrobiologia | még nincsenek kommentek
1958 – vancomycin kifejlesztése
1970-s évek – vancomycin széleskörű használata
1988 VRE megjelenése (vanA gén)
1995 VRE USA-ban 15%
2000 VRE Európában
2004 VRE hazánkban
2005 VRE kórházunkban
( Maszárovics Zoltán nosocomiális infekciók Eger)
- » VRE története
- 2009. márc. 4. 10:28 | írta: pöszméte | évszámok | mikrobiologia | még nincsenek kommentek
1958 – vancomycin kifejlesztése
1970-s évek – vancomycin széleskörű használata
1988 VRE megjelenése (vanA gén)
1995 VRE USA-ban 15%
2000 VRE Európában
2004 VRE hazánkban
2005 VRE kórházunkban
( Maszárovics Zoltán nosocomiális infekciók Eger)
- » MRSA rezisztenciája
- 2009. márc. 4. 10:26 | írta: pöszméte | évszámok | mikrobiologia | még nincsenek kommentek
- 1961 – mecA gén megjelenése
1970-s évek – jelentős terjedés USA
1980-s évek – 2. jelentős terjedés USA
1990-s évek – rezisztens törzsek aránya:
EU: 35% USA: 40% van ahol 50%
2000 – MRSA megjelenése a nem hosp. populációban
2005 – MRSA a nem hosp. populációban hazánkban - 1961 – mecA gén megjelenése
2009. febr. 22.
- » soil!!!ismej200731a.pdf
- 2009. febr. 22. 18:39 | írta: pöszméte | forras | forrás | még nincsenek kommentek
ismej200731a.pdf
An ancillary goal of our research was to compare
resistant bacteria from soils at farms using antibiotics
with resistant bacteria from soils unaffected
by antibiotic use. Because many antibiotics arenatural compounds, numerous soil bacteria would
be expected to be resistant even if humans had not
been mass-producing various antibiotics since the
1940s (Davelos et al., 2004; Guardabassi and
Dalsgaard, 2004). It was somewhat surprising, therefore,
that the soil bacteria from the three DFs and
two of the farms using antibiotics at subtherapeutic
concentrations had similar quantities and types of
resistant bacteria compared to the soils that had not
been affected by agricultural activity. It is particularly
interesting that the bacteria isolated from
Quetico Provincial Park (that is, the site least
affected by human activity) were exclusively Streptomyces
spp., which naturally produce many antibiotics
and are equipped with various defense
mechanisms.Although we agree that antibiotic use is the
most pertinent factor in the global spread of
resistance, our research demonstrates that the proliferation
of antibiotic resistance is not intrinsically
linked to antibiotic use and that the other three
factors can also be critically important. We recommend,
therefore, substantially more stringent control
of fecal waste (both of animal and of human
origin) as a viable approach to slow the proliferation
of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
In conclusion, our results suggest that the subtherapeutic
use of antibiotics can lead to the
proliferation of antibiotic resistance among soil
bacteria if an excessive quantity of manure is
applied to an insufficient surface area of land.
Additional research is needed, however, to confirm
or refute this conclusion. In contrast, our results
revealed no increase in the quantity of resistant
bacteria when animal manure was applied at
agronomically acceptable rates. Of particular importance
is that the proliferation of antibiotic
resistance appears to be associated with specific
genes that confer antibiotic resistance. Because
these genes were detected among numerous different
bacterial populations, lateral genetic exchange
appears to be a pertinent mechanism by which
resistance develops among soil bacteria.
- » nature group isme journals
- 2009. febr. 22. 17:50 | írta: pöszméte | forras | forrás | link | még nincsenek kommentek
- 1. The effects of subtherapeutic antibiotic use in farm animals on the proliferation and persistence of antibiotic resistance among soil bacteria
Sudeshna Ghosh, Timothy M LaPara
SUMMARY: The use of antibiotics at subtherapeutic concentrations for agricultural applications is believed to be an important factor in the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The
CONTEXT: ...occurring, such that resistance to antibiotics among bacteria predates their modern clinical use. The past few decades, however, have witnessed a steady increase in the number and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria –...
The ISME Journal 1, 191 - 203 (01 Jul 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.31, Original Article
Abstract | Full Text | Rights and permissions | Save this link
2. Gene cassettes encoding resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds: a role in the origin of clinical class 1 integrons?
Michael R Gillings, Duan Xuejun, Simon A Hardwick, Marita P Holley, H W Stokes
SUMMARY: DNA sequencing, phylogenetic and mapping studies suggest that the class 1 integron found in pathogens arose when one member of the diverse family of environmental class 1 integrons became embedd
CONTEXT: ...of antimicrobial resistance genes throughout human-dominated ecosystems has generated a world-wide crisis in the management of infectious disease (Davies, 2007). Plasmid, transposon and integron-borne resistance to antibiotics now...
The ISME Journal 3, 209 - 215 (16 Oct 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.98, Original Article
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link
3. Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota
Cecilia Jernberg, Sonja Löfmark, Charlotta Edlund, Janet K Jansson, Professor JK Jansson
SUMMARY: Antibiotic administration is known to cause short-term disturbances in the microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract, but the potential long-term consequences have not been well studied. Th
CONTEXT: ...has been the drug of choice when treating Bacteroides infections as the antibacterial spectrum of this antibiotic covers almost all anaerobic bacteria. Although some Bacteroides spp. are suppressed by clindamycin (Sullivan et al.,...
The ISME Journal 1, 56 - 66 (01 May 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.3, Original Article
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link
4. Functional metagenomics reveals diverse ?-lactamases in a remote Alaskan soil
Heather K Allen, Luke A Moe, Jitsupang Rodbumrer, Andra Gaarder, Jo Handelsman
SUMMARY: Despite the threat posed by antibiotic resistance in infectious bacteria, little is known about the diversity, distribution and origins of resistance genes, particularly among the as yet uncultu
CONTEXT: ...The successful treatment of bacterial infections in humans is being thwarted by the prevalence of multiply antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Levy and O'Brien, 2005), thereby increasing disease incidence, longevity and mortality and the...
The ISME Journal 3, 243 - 251 (09 Oct 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.86, Original Article
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link
5. Indole cell signaling occurs primarily at low temperatures in Escherichia coli
Jintae Lee, Xue-Song Zhang, Manjunath Hegde, William E Bentley, Arul Jayaraman, Thomas K Wood
SUMMARY: We have shown that the quorum-sensing signals acylhomoserine lactones, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and indole influence the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. Here, we investigate how the environme
CONTEXT: ...al., 2004; Moons et al., 2006), and stress itself increases biofilm formation (Zhang et al., 2007). Due to their resistance to antibiotics, biofilms of pathogens are a major problem for human health (for example, lung infections,...
The ISME Journal 2, 1007 - 1023 (05 Jun 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.54, Original Article
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6. Influence of industrial contamination on mobile genetic elements: class 1 integron abundance and gene cassette structure in aquatic bacterial communities
Meredith S Wright, Craig Baker-Austin, Angela H Lindell, Ramunas Stepanauskas, Hatch W Stokes, J Vaun McArthur
SUMMARY: The acquisition of new genetic material via horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to rapidly evolve. One key to estimating the contribution of horizontal gene transfer to bacterial evolution
CONTEXT: ...in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in poultry litter obtained from farms with varying antibiotic usage regimes regardless of antibiotic usage (Nandi et al., 2004), while mercury exposure was recently demonstrated to increase...
The ISME Journal 2, 417 - 428 (14 Feb 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.8, Original Article
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7. Quorum sensing and quorum quenching in Vibrio harveyi: lessons learned from in vivo work
Tom Defoirdt, Nico Boon, Patrick Sorgeloos, Willy Verstraete, Peter Bossier
SUMMARY: Luminescent vibrios, bacteria belonging to the species Vibrio harveyi and closely related species, are important pathogens in aquaculture that can affect almost all types of cultured animals. Du
CONTEXT: ...by V. harveyi strains with multiple antibiotic resistance that was linked to the use of antibiotics in hatcheries. Hence, the quest for alternative methods to control infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an important...
The ISME Journal 2, 19 - 26 (25 Oct 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.92, Mini-Review
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link
8. Effects of ciprofloxacin on salt marsh sediment microbial communities
Ana LucÃa Córdova-Kreylos, Kate M Scow, AL Córdova-Kreylos
SUMMARY: Fluoroquinolones, a widely used class of antibiotics, are frequently detected in sediments and surface waters. Given their antimicrobial properties, the presence of these compounds may alter the
CONTEXT: ...salt marshes were used to determine sorption coefficients of ciprofloxacin and to determine the effects of the antibiotic on the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) fingerprint of the sediment microbial community. This study is part of a...
The ISME Journal 1, 585 - 595 (06 Sep 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.71, Original Article
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9. Physiology and genetic traits of reverse osmosis membrane biofilms: a case study with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Moshe Herzberg, Menachem Elimelech
SUMMARY: Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the surface of a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was studied using a synthetic wastewater medium to simulate conditions relevant to reclamation of se
CONTEXT: ...layer seems to mainly increase the biofilm hydraulic resistance to permeate flow. The increase in both the transmembrane osmotic pressure and the hydraulic resistance of the biofilm act together to decrease permeate water flux. It is...
The ISME Journal 2, 180 - 194 (29 Nov 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.108, Original Article
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Rights and permissions | Save this link
10. Abrogation of the resistance of choline-induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence to sub-MIC erythromycin by ethanol
Nava Katri, Nachman Chaim Garber, Gillar Kilfin, Nechama Gilboa-Garber
SUMMARY: Despite Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic resistance, erythromycin (ERM, a macrolide) at subinhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) reduces its pathogenicity. We assessed ERM effects on P. aeruginosa
The ISME Journal 2, 1243 - 1246 (28 Aug 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.79, Short Communication
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11. Honey and royal jelly, like human milk, abrogate lectin-dependent infection-preceding Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion
Batia Lerrer, Keren D Zinger-Yosovich, Benjamin Avrahami, Nechama Gilboa-Garber
SUMMARY: Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic resistance has led to the search of natural compounds, which would competitively block its fucose>fructose/mannose-binding lectin (PA-IIL) that mediates its biofilm
CONTEXT: ...last decade, there is a renewed usage of both honey and RJ for treatment of infections due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. There have been many case reports and clinical trials proving their effectiveness against...
The ISME Journal 1, 149 - 155 (01 Jun 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.20, Original Article
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12. Public computer surfaces are reservoirs for methicillin-resistant staphylococci
Issmat I Kassem, Von Sigler, Malak A Esseili
SUMMARY: The role of computer keyboards used by students of a metropolitan university as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci was determined. Putative methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant staphylococci isolates
CONTEXT: ...surveys suggested that keyboard surfaces were contaminated not only with MRSA, but also with mixed assemblages of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci, we additionally investigated the prevalence and structural complexity of...
The ISME Journal 1, 265 - 268 (01 Jul 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.36, Short Communication
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13. Frequency-dependent advantages of plasmid carriage by Pseudomonas in homogeneous and spatially structured environments
Richard J Ellis, Andrew K Lilley, Samantha J Lacey, David Murrell, H Charles J Godfray, Dr RJ Ellis
SUMMARY: The conditions promoting the persistence of a plasmid carrying a trait that may be mutually beneficial to other cells in its vicinity were studied in structured and unstructured environments. A
CONTEXT: ...(Turner et al., 1998; Bergstrom et al., 2000). Many plasmids harbour transiently beneficial traits, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to utilize novel substrates (Eberhard, 1990; Sørensen et al., 2005), raising the...
The ISME Journal 1, 92 - 95 (01 May 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.11, Short Communication
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14. The biofilm life cycle and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are dependent on a filamentous prophage
Scott A Rice, Chuan Hao Tan, Per Jensen Mikkelsen, Vanderlene Kung, Jerry Woo, Martin Tay, Alan Hauser, Diane McDougald, Jeremy S Webb, Staffan Kjelleberg
SUMMARY: Mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms undergo specific developmental events. Using a bacteriophage mutant, generated by deletion of the entire filamentous Pf4 prophage, we show that the phage i
CONTEXT: ...of cystic fibrosis patients, where the appearance of SCVs correlates with poor lung function and increased resistance to antibiotic therapies (Haussler et al., 1999). It was further shown that the addition of purified phage to...
The ISME Journal 3, 271 - 282 (13 Nov 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.109, Original Article
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15. Sequence-based analysis of pQBR103; a representative of a unique, transfer-proficient mega plasmid resident in the microbial community of sugar beet
Adrian Tett, Andrew J Spiers, Lisa C Crossman, Duane Ager, Lena Ciric, J Maxwell Dow, John C Fry, David Harris, Andrew Lilley, Anna Oliver, Julian Parkhill, Michael A Quail, Paul B Rainey, Nigel J Saunders, Kathy Seeger, Lori A S Snyder, Rob Squares, Christopher M Thomas, Sarah L Turner, Xue-Xian Zhang, Dawn Field, Mark J Bailey
SUMMARY: The plasmid pQBR103 was found within Pseudomonas populations colonizing the leaf and root surfaces of sugar beet plants growing at Wytham, Oxfordshire, UK. At
CONTEXT: ...ubiquitous within most bacterial communities, are known to carry a wide range of important traits such as antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and degradative pathways, and play an extensive role in bacterial evolution as agents...
The ISME Journal 1, 331 - 340 (01 Aug 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.47, Original Article
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16. The introduction of genetically modified microorganisms designed for rhizoremediation induces changes on native bacteria in the rhizosphere but not in the surrounding soil
Daniel Aguirre de Cárcer, Marta MartÃn, Martina Mackova, Thomas Macek, Ulrich Karlson, Rafael Rivilla
SUMMARY: A 168-day microcosms experiment was used to assess the possible functional and structural shifts occurring in the bacterial community of a site with a
CONTEXT: ...were as follows: control (Pseudomonas fluorescens F113rif; wild-type strain with a spontaneous rifampicine resistance (Fedi et al., 1996)), class 1 GM strain (P. fluorescens F113rifpcb; single chromosomal insertion of the bph operon...
The ISME Journal 1, 215 - 223 (01 Jul 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.27, Original Article
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17. Genomic comparison of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with different symbiotic nitrogen-fixing capabilities and other Bradyrhizobiaceae members
Manabu Itakura, Kazuhiko Saeki, Hirofumi Omori, Tadashi Yokoyama, Takakazu Kaneko, Satoshi Tabata, Takuji Ohwada, Shigeyuki Tajima, Toshiki Uchiumi, Keina Honnma, Konosuke Fujita, Hiroyoshi Iwata, Yuichi Saeki, Yoshino Hara, Seishi Ikeda, Shima Eda, Hisayuki Mitsui, Kiwamu Minamisawa
SUMMARY: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed with nine strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with soybean) and eight other members of the
CONTEXT: ...functional genes that encode for proteins involved in pathogenicity, xenobiotic degradation, iron uptake, antibiotic resistance, secondary metabolism or symbiosis (Dobrindt et al., 2004). Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a member of the...
The ISME Journal 3, 326 - 339 (30 Oct 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.88, Original Article
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18. Genomic plasticity in prokaryotes: the case of the square haloarchaeon
Sara Cuadros-Orellana, Ana-Belen Martin-Cuadrado, Boris Legault, Giuseppe D'Auria, Olga Zhaxybayeva, R Thane Papke, Francisco Rodriguez-Valera
SUMMARY: The variability in genome content among closely related strains of prokaryotes has been one of the most remarkable discoveries of genomics. One way to
CONTEXT: ...isolates are representatives of highly virulent lineages selected by the defense systems of the host or by antibiotic resistance. Free-living cells are selected during cultivation by their ability to grow in the artificial...
The ISME Journal 1, 235 - 245 (01 Jul 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.35, Original Article
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19. Distantly sampled soils carry few species in common
Roberta R Fulthorpe, Luiz F W Roesch, Alberto Riva, Eric W Triplett
SUMMARY: The bacterial phylogenetic structure of soils from four distinctly different sites in South and North America was analyzed. One hundred and thirty-nine thousand sequences of the V9 region of the
CONTEXT: ...It is best known by the opportunistic pathogen S. maltophilia that is infamous for possessing broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance. Along side each genus in Table 1 is the number of literature citations on that genus in Web of...
The ISME Journal 2, 901 - 910 (05 Jun 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.55, Original Article
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20. Quorum-sensing signals in the microbial community of the cabbage white butterfly larval midgut
Bradley R Borlee, Grant D Geske, Courtney J Robinson, Helen E Blackwell, Jo Handelsman
SUMMARY: The overall goal of this study was to examine the role of quorum-sensing (QS) signals in a multispecies microbial community. Toward this aim, we studied QS signals produced by an indigenous memb
CONTEXT: ...indicating a low level of background reporter activity or the limited presence of AHL-producing bacteria. Antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria recovered from the gut indicate that plasmid transfer was not responsible for...
The ISME Journal 2, 1101 - 1111 (24 Jul 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.70, Original Article
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21. Parenteral long-acting amoxicillin reduces intestinal bacterial community diversity in piglets even 5 weeks after the administration
Pawel Janczyk, Robert Pieper, Wolfgang Bernhard Souffrant, Diane Bimczok, Hermann-Josef Rothkötter, Hauke Smidt
SUMMARY: We investigated the long-term effects of a single intramuscular administration of amoxicillin (15 mg kg-1) 1 day after birth, on piglet intestinal microbiota. Animals received no
CONTEXT: ...with emergence of resistance against amoxicillin, was also observed (reviewed by Sullivan et al., 2001). Nevertheless, only a limited number of studies has assessed the prolonged impact of antibiotic treatment on gut microbiota....
The ISME Journal 1, 180 - 183 (01 Jun 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.29, Short Communication
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22. Spatial structure and nutrients promote invasion of IncP-1 plasmids in bacterial populations
Randal E Fox, Xue Zhong, Stephen M Krone, Eva M Top
SUMMARY: In spite of the importance of plasmids in bacterial adaptation, we have a poor understanding of their dynamics. It is not known if or how plasmids persist in and spread through (invade) a bacter
CONTEXT: ...play an important role in the evolution and rapid adaptation of bacteria and archaea by spreading multidrug resistance and many other traits among distantly related hosts (Mazodier and Davies, 1991; Dröge et al., 1999; van Elsas and...
The ISME Journal 2, 1024 - 1039 (05 Jun 2008), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.53, Original Article
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23. Culture independent analysis of ileal mucosa reveals a selective increase in invasive Escherichia coli of novel phylogeny relative to depletion of Clostridiales in Crohn's disease involving the ileum
Martin Baumgart, Belgin Dogan, Mark Rishniw, Gil Weitzman, Brian Bosworth, Rhonda Yantiss, Renato H Orsi, Martin Wiedmann, Patrick McDonough, Sung Guk Kim, Douglas Berg, Ynte Schukken, Ellen Scherl, Kenneth W Simpson
SUMMARY: Intestinal bacteria are implicated increasingly as a pivotal factor in the development of Crohn's disease, but the specific components of the complex polymicrobial enteric
CONTEXT: ...and sequencing E. coli strains 541-1, 541-15, LF82 and K-12 (MG1655) were grown in 30 ml LB broth media without antibiotic at 37oC for overnight. High-quality genomic DNA, extracted using a commercial kit (Qiagen Genomic-tip 500,...
The ISME Journal 1, 403 - 418 (01 Sep 2007), doi: 10.1038/ismej.2007.52, Original Article
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- 1. The effects of subtherapeutic antibiotic use in farm animals on the proliferation and persistence of antibiotic resistance among soil bacteria
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